When parents separate or divorce, one of the biggest concerns is child contact arrangements—how children will continue to have meaningful relationships with both parents. If parents cannot agree, the family court can step in and issue a Child Arrangements Order (commonly known as a child contact order).
This guide explains the requirements for a child contact order under UK family law, the different types of contact available, and what parents should know before applying.
What is a Child Contact Order?
A Child Arrangements Order (CAO) is a legal ruling made by the family court in England and Wales. It sets out:
- Who the child will live with.
- When and how the child will spend time with the other parent.
- Whether the child will have direct or indirect contact with a parent or another relative.
Contact orders are designed to ensure that children have safe, positive, and regular contact with both parents wherever possible.
Requirements for Applying for a Contact Order
Before going to court, most parents must attend a Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting (MIAM). This is to see if disputes can be resolved without a court hearing.
If mediation fails or is unsuitable, parents can apply to court for a Child Contact Order. The main requirements include:
- Eligibility to Apply – Parents, step-parents, guardians, and in some cases grandparents or relatives may apply. Some applicants need the court’s permission.
- Welfare of the Child – The court applies the “welfare checklist” which includes
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- The child’s wishes and feelings (based on age and understanding).
- Their physical, emotional, and educational needs.
- The effect of any change in circumstances.
- Any risk of harm.
- Parental Responsibility – Both parents with parental responsibility will be notified and can participate.
- Court Discretion – A judge will only make an order if it is better for the child than making no order at all.
Options for Child Contact Arrangements
The court has flexibility in deciding what type of contact is best for the child. Possible arrangements include:
– Direct Contact – The child spends time with the non-resident parent through visits, overnight stays, weekends, or holidays.
– Indirect Contact – Where face-to-face contact is not possible, the child stays in touch via phone calls, video calls, letters, or email.
– Supervised Contact – Contact takes place under the supervision of a relative, professional, or at a contact centre for safety reasons.
– Supported Contact – Held at a contact centre with staff present to provide assistance if needed, but without constant supervision.
– No Contact – In rare cases, if contact would put the child at risk of harm, the court may order no contact.
Changing or Enforcing a Contact Order
As children grow and circumstances change, either parent can apply to vary a child contact order. If a parent fails to comply, the other parent can apply to enforce the order. Courts can impose conditions, unpaid work, fines, or other penalties to ensure compliance.
Conclusion
A Child Contact Order provides security and structure for children and parents after separation. While it’s always best for parents to agree arrangements themselves, the family court can step in to protect the child’s welfare where necessary.
