Landlord & Tenant Solicitors | Residential & Commercial

Landlord and tenant solicitors advising on residential possession, rent, deposits and disrepair, and commercial leases, renewals and forfeiture.

Landlord and Tenant Solicitors for Residential and Commercial Property

Landlord and tenant law requires careful compliance with statutory procedures, contractual obligations and strict notice requirements.

We advise landlords, tenants, freeholders, leaseholders, property investors, managing agents and commercial occupiers on residential and commercial property disputes. Our services include possession proceedings, rent recovery, tenancy deposit claims, disrepair, lease renewals, forfeiture, dilapidations and contractual disputes.

Jurisdictional note: The residential private-rented-sector information on this page applies primarily to England. Wales operates a separate occupation-contract regime under the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016. Scotland and Northern Ireland also have separate residential tenancy systems.

Residential Landlord and Tenant Law

Important Changes from 1 May 2026

The Renters’ Rights Act 2025 substantially changed private residential tenancies in England from 1 May 2026.

The principal changes include:

  • Section 21 has been abolished. Private landlords can no longer serve a new Section 21 “no-fault” notice.
  • Assured shorthold tenancies have generally become assured periodic tenancies. Most existing ASTs automatically converted, and new assured tenancies no longer have a fixed contractual end date.
  • Landlords must establish a statutory ground for possession and serve a Section 8 notice using the new Form 3A.
  • Ground 8 now generally requires at least three months’ rent arrears where rent is paid monthly, both when the notice is served and at the possession hearing. The minimum notice period is four weeks.
  • Rent increases are limited to once every 12 months and must normally be proposed through the revised Section 13 procedure using Form 4A, giving at least two months’ notice.
  • Rental bidding is prohibited. A landlord or agent must advertise an asking rent and cannot encourage or accept an offer above it.
  • Advance rent is restricted. Once the tenancy is signed, landlords can generally require no more than one month’s rent—or 28 days’ rent for shorter rental periods—before the tenancy begins.
  • Discrimination against prospective tenants with children or receiving benefits is prohibited.
  • Pet requests must be considered reasonably. A landlord normally has 28 days to respond in writing and must explain any refusal.
  • Rent Repayment Orders have been strengthened, with eligible claims potentially covering up to two years’ rent.


These reforms have been in force since 1 May 2026. Only Section 21 or old Section 8 proceedings issued within the applicable transitional deadline—no later than 31 July 2026—may continue under the previous system. GOV.UK: Renters’ Rights Act overviewGOV.UK: possession after 1 May 2026

Residential Services for Landlords

We assist private landlords, property owners and managing agents with:

Possession Proceedings

We advise on the amended statutory grounds for possession, including:

  • Serious or persistent rent arrears
  • Antisocial behaviour
  • Breach of tenancy obligations
  • Damage or deterioration to the property
  • The landlord or a qualifying family member intending to occupy
  • The landlord intending to sell
  • Redevelopment and other specialist possession grounds

We prepare and serve compliant Section 8 notices using Form 3A, issue possession proceedings and represent landlords at County Court hearings.

Rent Arrears and Debt Recovery

We assist with:

  • Rent schedules and arrears calculations
  • Letters before action
  • Possession and money claims
  • County Court judgments
  • Attachment of earnings and charging orders
  • Third-party debt orders
  • County Court bailiff enforcement
  • High Court enforcement where transfer and permission are available

Tenancy Agreements and Compliance

We draft and review:

  • Assured periodic tenancy agreements
  • Company lets and common-law tenancies
  • Lodger and excluded-occupier agreements
  • Licences to occupy
  • Guarantor agreements
  • Tenancy variations and settlement agreements

We also advise on deposit protection, prescribed information, HMO and selective licensing, gas safety, electrical safety, smoke and carbon-monoxide requirements and the written information required under the Renters’ Rights Act 2025.

Rent Increases

We advise on:

  • Section 13 rent increases
  • Form 4A notices
  • Open-market rent evidence
  • Challenges before the First-tier Tribunal
  • Rent repayment and overpayment disputes

Possession Order Enforcement

A residential landlord must not physically remove a protected residential occupier without following the court process. We assist with warrants of possession, County Court bailiffs and, where legally available, transfer for enforcement by High Court Enforcement Officers.

Residential Services for Tenants

Unlawful Eviction and Harassment

We advise tenants facing:

  • Illegal lockouts
  • Threats or pressure to leave
  • Removal of belongings
  • Utility disconnection
  • Repeated entry without consent
  • Invalid notices
  • Eviction without a possession order and lawful enforcement

Urgent remedies may include an injunction, reinstatement, damages and a claim under the Protection from Eviction Act 1977.

Tenancy Deposit Claims

A landlord who receives a qualifying tenancy deposit must generally protect it in a government-authorised scheme and provide the prescribed information within 30 days.

Where the requirements have not been met, the court may order:

  • Return or protection of the deposit; and
  • Compensation of between one and three times the deposit.

Deposit non-compliance can also prevent a landlord from obtaining possession on most statutory grounds until the position has been remedied.

Disrepair and Unfit Housing

We assist tenants experiencing:

  • Damp and mould
  • Roof or structural defects
  • Water penetration and leaks
  • Defective heating or hot water
  • Electrical hazards
  • Unsafe sanitation
  • Pest infestations
  • Failure to carry out reported repairs

Claims may arise under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, including the fitness obligations inserted by the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018, as well as the Defective Premises Act 1972 and the tenancy agreement.

Awaab’s Law currently applies to relevant social housing. Its extension to the private rented sector is planned for a later phase and should not yet be presented as being fully in force for private landlords. GOV.UK implementation roadmap

Rent and Tenancy Disputes

We advise tenants on:

  • Section 13 rent increases
  • First-tier Tribunal challenges
  • Disputed rent arrears
  • Unfair or prohibited tenancy terms
  • Pet requests
  • Rental bidding
  • Prohibited payments
  • Rent Repayment Orders
  • HMO and selective-licensing breaches

Residential Landlord and Tenant Responsibilities

Area

Landlord’s responsibility

Tenant’s responsibility

Repairs and fitness

Maintain the structure, exterior and installations for water, gas, electricity, sanitation, heating and hot water, and ensure the property remains fit for habitation.

Use the property in a tenant-like manner, report defects promptly and avoid deliberate or negligent damage.

Safety

Comply with gas, electrical, smoke-alarm, carbon-monoxide, licensing and other applicable safety requirements.

Permit reasonable access for properly notified inspections and safety checks, subject to the tenancy and right to quiet enjoyment.

Deposit

Protect a qualifying deposit in an authorised scheme and provide prescribed information within 30 days.

Remain responsible for substantiated damage beyond fair wear and tear and other lawful deductions.

Access

Normally provide at least 24 hours’ written notice for inspections or repairs and attend at a reasonable time, except in a genuine emergency. Notice does not normally authorise forced entry.

Provide reasonable access in accordance with the tenancy while retaining the right to quiet enjoyment.

Rent and termination

Use Form 4A for qualifying rent increases and Form 3A when seeking possession under Section 8.

Pay the agreed rent and comply with tenancy obligations. An assured periodic tenant can generally end the tenancy by giving two months’ notice.

Commercial Landlord and Tenant Law

Commercial leases operate under a substantially different legal framework. Residential deposit protection, Section 8 and the Renters’ Rights Act tenancy reforms do not generally apply to business tenancies.

We advise commercial landlords and business tenants concerning shops, offices, restaurants, warehouses, industrial units and mixed-use premises.

Commercial Lease Drafting and Negotiation

We advise on:

  • Agreements for lease
  • New commercial leases and underleases
  • Heads of terms
  • Rent deposit deeds
  • Guarantees and indemnities
  • Repairing and insuring obligations
  • Service charges
  • Rent review provisions
  • Break clauses
  • Alterations and permitted use
  • Alienation and assignment provisions

Lease Renewals and Security of Tenure

Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 may give a business tenant security of tenure and a statutory right to request a new tenancy.

We advise on:

  • Whether a tenancy is protected by the 1954 Act
  • Contracting out of security of tenure
  • Landlord Section 25 notices
  • Tenant Section 26 requests
  • Terms and rent for a new tenancy
  • Interim rent applications
  • Landlord opposition under Section 30
  • Compensation following successful opposition

The 1954 Act remains the current law. The Law Commission’s commercial-tenancy consultations published in June 2026 contain proposals only and have not changed the existing statutory regime. Law Commission: Business tenancies

Assignment, Subletting and Alterations

We advise on:

  • Applications for consent to assign
  • Licences to assign
  • Authorised Guarantee Agreements
  • Applications to underlet
  • Licences for alterations
  • Change-of-use provisions
  • Unreasonable refusal or delay of consent
  • Breaches arising from unauthorised dealings

Rent, Service Charges and Financial Disputes

Our services include:

  • Commercial rent arrears recovery
  • County Court and High Court debt claims
  • Commercial Rent Arrears Recovery
  • Service charge disputes
  • Insurance-rent disputes
  • Rent review disputes
  • Claims against guarantors and former tenants
  • Enforcement of rent deposit deeds

Dilapidations and Repairing Obligations

We advise landlords and tenants on:

  • Terminal schedules of dilapidations
  • Repair and reinstatement obligations
  • Compliance with notices to repair
  • Quantification of loss
  • Section 18(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927
  • Supersession and diminution arguments
  • Negotiated settlement of dilapidations claims

Forfeiture and Relief from Forfeiture

We advise on:

  • Forfeiture clauses
  • Rent and other lease breaches
  • Section 146 notices
  • Peaceable re-entry
  • Possession proceedings
  • Waiver of the right to forfeit
  • Applications for relief from forfeiture
  • Rights of subtenants and mortgagees

Commercial landlords should obtain advice before changing locks or re-entering premises. An invalid forfeiture may expose the landlord to an injunction, damages and an order restoring possession.

Break Notices, Surrender and Lease Termination

We assist with:

  • Exercising contractual break clauses
  • Compliance with break conditions
  • Deeds of surrender
  • Negotiated early termination
  • Holding over
  • Notices to quit
  • Vacant-possession disputes

Property-Related Contractual Disputes

Our landlord and tenant practice also covers contractual disputes arising from:

  • Breach of tenancy or lease terms
  • Agreements for lease
  • Side letters and rent concessions
  • Guarantees and indemnities
  • Rent deposit deeds
  • Licences and management agreements
  • Misrepresentation during lease negotiations
  • Unpaid rent, service charges or contractual fees
  • Disputed termination and surrender
  • Contract interpretation
  • Rectification of contractual documents
  • Damages, restitution and unjust enrichment
  • Settlement agreements and Tomlin Orders

Our Approach

1. Initial Assessment

We identify whether the arrangement is a residential tenancy, commercial lease, licence, company let, lodger arrangement or another form of occupation.

2. Legal and Compliance Review

We examine the agreement, deposit records, statutory documents, licensing position, correspondence, rent history and evidence of any breach.

3. Notice and Pre-Action Procedure

We prepare the appropriate statutory notice, letter before action or settlement proposal and ensure that service requirements are followed.

4. Court, Tribunal and Enforcement

Where settlement is not possible, we issue or defend proceedings, represent the client at hearings and deal with lawful enforcement.

Frequently Asked Questions

No. Section 21 was abolished for new notices in England on 1 May 2026. A private landlord must now normally establish a statutory ground for possession and serve a compliant Section 8 notice using Form 3A.

Where rent is paid monthly, mandatory Ground 8 generally requires at least three months’ rent to remain unpaid both when the notice is served and at the possession hearing. A four-week notice period normally applies. Other discretionary rent-arrears grounds may be available below that threshold. GOV.UK: possession grounds

Yes. A qualifying tenant may seek the return or protection of the deposit and compensation between one and three times its value.

Not automatically. Proper notice should usually be provided, but the tenant retains a right to quiet enjoyment. Unless there is a genuine emergency, a landlord should not force entry and may need to seek an injunction where access is unreasonably refused.

Many business tenants have security of tenure under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954. However, the lease may have been validly contracted out, or the tenancy may fall outside the Act. The lease and statutory notices must be reviewed carefully.

Speak to a Landlord and Tenant Solicitor

Incorrect notices, missed deadlines and non-compliant enforcement can cause claims to be dismissed and may expose a landlord or tenant to substantial costs and liability.

Contact our landlord and tenant team for practical advice on residential possession, tenancy disputes, commercial leases, contractual claims and property-related litigation.

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Possession Proceedings

Navigating property possession and tenant disputes can be a complex and stressful process for landlords and property owners. Our team of experienced possession proceedings solicitors provides clear, practical, and legally robust representation to help you regain control of your property with minimal delay.

Rent Arrears and Debt Recovery

Managing rental properties should be a reliable investment, but dealing with unpaid rent can quickly disrupt your cash flow. Our specialist landlord and tenant solicitors provide expert guidance on rent arrears recovery, tenant communication, and court proceedings to protect your property business.

Tenancy Agreements and Compliance

Whether you are a first-time landlord or managing an extensive residential portfolio, ensuring your agreements align with current housing regulations protects both your investment and your rights. Our property law specialists provide comprehensive guidance on drafting agreements, understanding statutory requirements, and maintaining full legal compliance.

Unlawful Eviction & Landlord Harassment

When facing unlawful eviction or harassment, speed is essential. Our expert housing law team takes swift legal action to protect your tenancy and hold offending landlords accountable.

Possession Order Enforcement

Obtaining a possession order from the court is a major milestone, but it does not automatically give you the legal right to physically re-enter your property or change the locks yourself. Our specialist housing litigation solicitors handle the entire enforcement process quickly, efficiently, and fully within the law, ensuring you regain control of your property without legal liability.

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